辽东铀成矿带连山关地区韧性剪切带与铀成矿作用     

吴迪  刘永江  李伟民  常瑞虹 《岩石学报》2020,36(8):2571-2588

连山关地区位于华北克拉通北缘铀成矿省辽东铀成矿带，已知铀矿床（点）均发育在韧性剪切带附近。为了解韧性剪切带运动学、几何学构造变形机制及与铀矿的关系，本文以连山关岩体周缘韧性剪切带为研究对象，通过野外宏观调查和室内微观研究相结合的研究方法，探讨构造变形期次、韧性剪切带形成机理及其对铀成矿的控制作用。研究表明：连山关岩体周缘发育的韧性剪切带与近南北向挤压构造变形有关，其右行韧性剪切带应变类型为压扁应变，属于一般压缩-平面应变范围，Flinn指数K值在0.19~0.69之间，岩石类型属于S/SL型构造岩。研究区内铀矿体均为隐伏盲矿体，主要赋存于沿着连山关岩体和辽河群接触带右行剪切作用形成的背斜褶皱核部，和北东东向断裂关系密切。综合分析认为，连山关岩体南缘北西向韧性剪切带为一级控矿构造，是区内铀矿热液运移的通道，而剪切带边部的晚期北东东向断裂则是铀矿储存空间；铀源可能来自于太古宙古风化壳，并在大型韧性剪切活动（提供热液运移通道）和基性脉岩侵入（提供热源和还原剂）等综合因素作用下运移、富集成矿。  相似文献   

Volatile element chemistry during accretion of the earth     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2020,80(1):125594

We review some issues relevant to volatile element chemistry during accretion of the Earth with an emphasis on historical development of ideas during the past century and on issues we think are important. These ideas and issues include the following: (1) whether or not the Earth accreted hot and the geochemical evidence for high temperatures during its formation, (2) some chemical consequences of the Earth’s formation before dissipation of solar nebular gas, (3) the building blocks of the Earth, (4) the composition of the Earth and its lithophile volatility trend, (5) chemistry of silicate vapor and steam atmospheres during Earth’s formation, (6) vapor - melt partitioning and possible loss of volatile elements, (7) insights from hot rocky extrasolar planets. We include tabulated chemical kinetic data for high-temperature elementary reactions in silicate vapor and steam atmospheres. We finish with a summary of the known and unknown issues along with suggestions for future work.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地玉北地区奥陶系储层成因研究     

张哨楠 《沉积与特提斯地质》2020,40(3):72-86

玉北地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩经历了加里东期和海西期构造作用的改造，东部断褶带和西部斜坡区断层发育，中部平台区断层不发育，导致勘探目的层鹰山组上部与鹰山组下部和蓬莱坝组储层发育特征的不同。鹰山组上部的储层主要受控于加里东期构造活动所造成的地层抬升暴露剥蚀，形成了以大气淡水溶蚀为主的储集空间类型；而鹰山组下部和蓬莱坝组储层则主要受到埋藏白云石化作用、硅化作用以及伴随着断层的形成而发育的裂缝和热液的改造作用的控制。氧碳同位素和⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值的分布特征也进一步证明了两种不同储层类型的主控因素。鹰山组上部洞穴中方解石的氧碳同位素值（δ¹⁸O_VPDB：-12～-4‰VPDB，δ¹³C：-3～1‰VPDB）比海水沉淀的方解石（δ¹⁸O_VPDB：-9.5～-7.5‰VPDB，δ¹³C：-1.5～0.5‰VPDB）在数值上明显偏负，说明洞穴中充填的方解石属于淡水成因。在鹰山组下部和蓬莱坝组白云岩储层中发育的鞍形白云石具有较低的氧同位素值（δ¹⁸O_VPDB：-10.7～-5.9‰VPDB）和高于海水的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值（均大于0.7094），因而被解释为热液成因，进一步说明这些地层中的溶蚀孔洞可能与热液改造有关。  相似文献   

Nanpanjiang basin: A window on the tectonic development of south China during Triassic assembly of the southeastern and eastern Asia     

《Gondwana Research》2020

As the largest siliciclastic sink in the South China block, the Triassic Nanpanjiang basin is generally thought of as a foreland basin related to Indosinian collision between the South China and Indochina blocks. Our basin analysis, spanning an eight years period, provides details of Lopingian to Middle Triassic stratigraphic fill and tectonic subsidence of the basin. Field observation and sedimentological analyses reveal that the basin was not filled by a monotonous turbidite system and suggest instead the development of five primary depositional units constituted by deep-water turbidite systems, mass-transport deposits, condensed drapes, shallow-water isolated carbonate platforms, and volcano-volcaniclastic rocks. The stratigraphic completeness of the basin, the coexistence of widespread but localized carbonate platforms within axially filled deep-water basin, tectonically generated cyclothems of transverse mass-transport deposits along intrabasinal faults and basin fill of extrusive rocks of bimodal composition together apparently call in question the claim that crustal shortening prevailed during the Late Permian to pre-Norian Triassic. Patterns of basin fill, differential tectonic subsidence and very high subsidence rate of the region adjacent to master fault are more closely match the pattern expected for extensional to transtensional basin in a back-arc setting. The crustal extension in the southwestern South China was not consistent with hypothesized Indosinian collision between South China and Indochina blocks, but more likely developed in response to northwestward subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate. Our results, combined with regional considerations, lead to a new model for the Triassic tectonic evolution of South China during Triassic assembly of the southeastern and eastern Asia.  相似文献   

沉积物中硬质粘土层的研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

孔凡彪  徐树建  贾广菊 《山东国土资源》2018,34(3)

大量的钻孔资料表明,平原地区及其海域沉积物中普遍有硬质粘土层的存在。硬质粘土层在工程地质、地理学研究等方面具有重要的价值,它不仅是高层建筑的持力层,而且是研究全球环境变化事件、古气候演变的良好载体。该文阐述了硬质粘土层的一般特征、成因以及在粒度、地球化学元素、年代学、沉积环境等方面的研究进展,并展望了硬质粘土层在年代、物质来源和沉积环境等方面的研究方向,认为黄河三角洲硬质粘土层研究较少,需要开展大范围的、系统深入的、多学科的宏观和微观综合分析,挖掘硬质粘土层蕴含的古环境意义和应用价值。  相似文献   

新疆库车县盐水沟北铜矿床地质特征及成因探讨          下载免费PDF全文

刘传朋 《山东国土资源》2018,34(4)

盐水沟北铜矿区位于新疆库车县北部,其大地构造位置处于塔吉克-塔里木陆块区、塔里木陆块、塔里木北缘隆起、库车前陆盆地,区内构造活动强烈。铜矿床赋存于新近纪中新统康村组第一岩性段,矿体呈层状,严格受地层控制。区内共圈定10个铜矿体,矿石矿物主要为孔雀石、赤铜矿、水胆矾、自然铜等,矿体内无夹石,顶、底板围岩均为褐红色及浅红色粉质泥岩。该矿床为砂岩型铜矿床。  相似文献   

南海西沙永乐龙洞沉积物组成、来源及其沉积作用     

范德江  田元  傅亮  罗珂  孙晓霞  毕乃双  姚鹏  刘光兴  陈洪举  杨作升 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(6):1203-1210

南海永乐龙洞发育于永乐珊瑚礁台地,龙洞深度达300m,为世界之最。沉积物堆积在龙洞的洞壁斜坡、龙洞中部的转折平台以及洞底等部位。使用激光粒度仪、X射线粉晶衍射仪、X射线荧光光谱仪等对采自不同深度的沉积物进行了粒级、矿物物相、元素含量的研究。研究结果表明:龙洞沉积物绝大部分为钙质生物碎屑,以砂粒级碎屑为主,含砾石碎屑、粉砂碎屑,分选和磨圆差;沉积物矿物组成以文石、高镁方解石为主,含少量低镁方解石,其平均含量分别为69%、28%、3%;化学组成以Ca、Mg、Sr为主,平均含量分别为35.5%、0.9%、0.5%,含少量Si、Al、Ti、P、S等元素。该区沉积物来源包括礁坪生物碎屑和东亚季风风尘陆源物质两个方面,以礁坪来源的生物碎屑为主;龙洞沉积作用包括机械捕获作用和垂直沉降作用两种方式,而以机械捕获作用为主。  相似文献   

喀喇昆仑地体甜水海地区102Ma辉长岩的发现及其对区域中生代构造演化的约束     

李杭  柯强  李昊  洪涛  赵同寿  徐兴旺 《岩石学报》2020,36(4):1041-1058

喀喇昆仑地体是青藏高原的重要构造单元。近来,我们对其中的林济塘中生代盆地地层进行了调查,并在喀喇昆仑地体甜水海地区褶皱的中侏罗统龙山组灰岩中发现了辉长岩侵入体。辉长岩具有高Al2O3(15.07%~15.32%)与TiO2(1.31%~1.34%)、贫P2O5(0.19%~0.21%)和低碱(Na2O+K2O=3.49%~3.72%)的特征,明显富集轻稀土(La/Yb=6.17~7.39),富集Th、La、Nd与Tb,亏损Rb、Sr、P与Y,辉长岩Sr-Nd同位素表现出富集的特征(εNd(t)值分别为-5.8与-5.9)。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示辉长岩岩浆锆石206Pb/238U年龄为102±1Ma(MSWD=0.92;n=14),指示岩体形成于早白垩世晚期。辉长岩中含有大量继承锆石,38颗继承锆石年龄分布在2450~232Ma之间,其中16颗为前寒武纪年龄锆石,意味着该地区可能存在前寒武纪基底。这些特征意味着辉长岩在形成的过程中经历壳源物质的强烈混染(Nb/U、Ta/U、Ce/Pb分别为26.6~29.1、1.69~1.76、9.72~11.3)。这种经历壳源物质的强烈混染岩浆的形成可能与软流圈上涌有关,即102Ma辉长岩形成时甜水海地区处于伸展背景。结合区域地质特征,指出102Ma时研究区进入新的伸展与海盆发育阶段,并建立了喀喇昆仑地体中生代三阶段构造演化模型,即侏罗纪-早白垩世早期的正常俯冲与弧盆演化、早白垩世的平板俯冲与造山阶段及晚白垩世的正常俯冲与弧盆演化。  相似文献   

北山造山带中部(甘肃段)花岗岩成因及构造背景   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

白荣龙  刘显凡  周慧玲 《岩石学报》2020,36(6):1731-1754

北山造山带中部花岗岩体以陶勒努图洪岩体和跃进山南岩体为代表,本文对这两个岩体进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、全岩地球化学和原位锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析,结果表明:岩体成岩年龄分别为410±2. 8Ma、427±2. 5Ma;主量元素呈现高硅、高钾钙碱性、准铝质-弱过铝质特征;微量元素表现为富集Th、Zr、Hf等及大离子亲石元素(Rb、U、K等),亏损Ba、Sr、Eu及高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Ti等);球粒陨石标准化稀土元素曲线呈轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的右倾模式。综合分析认为跃进山南岩体属A型花岗岩,陶勒努图洪岩体属S型花岗岩。陶勒努图洪和跃进山岩体锆石ε_(Hf)(t)分别为-2. 90～-0. 12(平均值为-1. 53)、-1. 99～2. 82(平均值为0. 26),t_(DM2)分别为1. 41～1. 58Ga、1. 23～1. 54Ga。研究表明:陶勒努图洪黑云母花岗闪长岩岩浆源区主要为由元古界北山杂岩组成的以变质杂砂岩为主的古老地壳物质(含中基性岩石)部分熔融的产物,跃进山南二长花岗岩体可能在元古界北山杂岩组成的以变质杂砂岩为主的古老地壳物质重熔过程中有幔源岩浆的参与。在中志留世(427Ma)明水-小黄山洋已向南侧马鬃山-公婆泉弧之下俯冲至后期,板块后撤引发明水-旱山地体南缘弧后形成裂解环境导致幔源岩浆底侵,诱发地壳物质重熔形成花岗质岩浆,岩浆侵位形成跃进山南二长花岗岩体;至早泥盆世(410Ma),俯冲结束发生弧-陆碰撞造山导致地壳增厚,引发下地壳发生部分熔融产生的花岗质岩浆侵位形成陶勒努图洪岩体;两岩体是在早、晚古生代交接时段同一俯冲-碰撞构造背景下不同部位、不同亚构造环境下的产物。  相似文献   

Geochemical study of the Neoproterozoic clastic sedimentary rocks of the Khambal Formation (Sindreth Basin), Aravalli Craton,NW Indian Shield: Implications for paleoweathering,provenance, and geodynamic evolution     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2020,80(1):125596

Petrographic and geochemical studies characterize lithologies of the Khambal Formation deposited in the Sindreth Basin as arkosic, subarkosic, and quartzarenite. Weathering indices, such as CIA and CIW in conjunction with the ACNK diagram, prescribe mostly moderate chemical weathering with intermittent pulses of extreme weathering in the source area. The discrimination diagrams suggest that these Neoproterozoic clastics were deposited in an active rift basin. Provenance indicators of the detritus components point to a terrane possessing subordinate mafic material in conjunction with large felsic components. A comparison of immobile element ratios with probable source rocks suggest that the Mesoproterozoic Delhi arc situated to the east of the Sindreth Basin could be the possible source. Our mixing calculation defines the proportion of end member components in the Delhi arc. Geodynamic considerations relate the origin of the Sindreth Basin to the processes of disintegration and reassembly of supercontinents.  相似文献